304, 304H, thiab 304L yog tag nrho 304 stainless hlau hais txog chromium thiab npib tsib xee cov ntsiab lus, tag nrho cov muaj 18% chromium (Cr) thiab 8% npib tsib xee (Ni). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb nyob hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus carbon.304H muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon siab tshaj plaws, thaum 304L muaj qhov qis tshaj, nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 304 stainless hlau poob hauv nruab nrab. Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua feem ntau ua rau tsis zoo corrosion kuj thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau corrosion. Kab lus no yuav txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm 304, 304H, thiab304L nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, corrosion kuj, tshav kub tsis kam, thiab daim ntawv thov cheeb tsam.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm 304, 304L, 304H
| Qib Steel | 304L | 304 | 304H |
| Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb | Ultra- cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj carbon, muaj zog tiv thaiv intergranular corrosion | Balanced kev ua tau zoo, ntau ntau yam | Cov ntsiab lus carbon siab, siab siab - qhov kub thiab txias |
| Qhov zoo | Tsis xav tau kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam; resistant rau intergranular corrosion. | Tus nqi- zoo; ntau yam kev siv. | Zoo heev -kub creep zog thiab tsis kam mus creep. |
| Qhov tsis zoo | Tsawg chav kub thiab siab kub lub zog. | Tej zaum yuav ntsib kev pheej hmoo corrosion intergranular tom qab vuam. | Tsis zoo tiv thaiv intergranular corrosion, tsis haum rau vuam corrosive ib puag ncig. |
| Tej kev siv | Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, cov khoom siv petrochemical, cov cuab yeej siv hauv kev lag luam chiv, cov khoom siv welded, cov cuab yeej siv tsis tau tom qab-weld heat treatment | Cov khoom siv hauv tsev, khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj hauv tsev, khoom noj khoom haus thiab khoom siv kho mob, cov thawv ntim khoom siv dav dav thiab cov kav dej | Power plant boilers, superheaters, high-temperature heat exchangers, steam pipelines (>525 degree) |
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
304L yog ib qho ultra- carbon stainless hlau qis, thaum "H" hauv 304H hais txog qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub stainless hlau yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus carbon. 304H muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua 304, thiab 304 muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua 304L. Tshwj xeeb,304muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon qis dua 0.08%; 304H muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 0.04% thiab 0.1%; thiab 304L muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon qis dua 0.030%. Ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus ntawm sulfur (S) thiab phosphorus (P) yog me ntsis qis hauv 304L, tab sis qhov sib txawv yog tsawg.
| Cov ntsiab lus | C (%) | Si (%) | Mn (%) | P (%) | S (%) | Cr (%) | Tsis muaj (%) | N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 304 | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.08 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.75 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2.0 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.045 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.03 | 18–20 | 8–10.5 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.10 |
| 304L | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.03 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.75 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2.0 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.045 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.03 | 18–20 | 8–12 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.10 |
| 304H | 0.04–0.10 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.75 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2.0 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.045 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.03 | 18–20 | 8–10.5 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.10 |
Qhov sib txawv ntawm corrosion kuj thiab kub tsis kam
1. Corrosion Resistance
- 304 Stainless hlau: Hauv kev daws teeb meem -kho lub xeev (piv txwv li, Hoobkas-annealed xeev), nws cov corrosion kuj yog piv rau 304L. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem tom qab vuam los yog kev kho cua sov, intergranular corrosion yog feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv weld hlaws thiab cua sov- thaj tsam cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, rau cov ntoo khaub lig tuab- ntu lossis cov khoom siv uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau tom qab-weld heat treatment, 304L yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua.
- 304L Stainless hlau: Vim nws cov ntsiab lus ultra- cov pa roj carbon tsawg, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv rhiab heev (intergranular corrosion) thiab tsim nyog rau corrosive ib puag ncig tom qab vuam. Nws tsis kam mus rau cov corrosion tsis zoo yog piv rau 304, tab sis nws tsis kam mus rau intergranular corrosion yog superior rau zoo tib yam 304.
- 304H Stainless hlau: Nws corrosion kuj yog me ntsis qis dua 304L. Vim nws cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau intergranular corrosion tom qab vuam, thiab nws feem ntau tsis pom zoo siv rau hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj corrosive heev.
2. Thaum tshav kub kub tsis kam
- 304H Stainless hlau: 304H muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws siab -kub tsis kam ntawm peb cov ntaub ntawv. Vim nws cov ntsiab lus carbon siab (0.04-}0.10%), 304H nthuav tawm lub zog nkag siab thiab lub zog ua haujlwm siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau ib puag ncig siab tshaj 500℃. ASTM cov qauv muaj cov cai tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm siab - qhov kub thiab txias (xws li creep zog) ntawm 304H. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev siv kub kub, xws li boilers, superheaters, kub exchangers, thiab turbine Cheebtsam.
- 304 Stainless hlau: tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qee qhov nruab nrab thiab qis - qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis nws qhov siab - qhov kub thiab txias yog qis dua li ntawm 304H. Nws qhov kev khiav hauj lwm kub yog feem ntau txwv rau qis dua 425℃kom muaj zog txaus thiab kev nyab xeeb.
- 304L Stainless hlau: Vim nws lub zog qis tshaj, nws tso cai siab - qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov phem tshaj ntawm peb. Nws feem ntau tsis siv nyob rau hauv siab - kub, siab - qhov chaw siab.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm thaj chaw thov
304
Kev lag luam yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab ntau yam qib pib, dav siv hauv tsev kho kom zoo nkauj, khoom noj khoom haus, khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam.
304L
Feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom siv welded, ntim, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab cov khoom siv ua zaub mov uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv intergranular corrosion. Siv 304L stainless hlau thaum lub sij hawm vuam tuaj yeem txo qhov vuam corrosion zoo.
304H
Haum rau siab - qhov kub thiab txias, xws li siab - cov kav dej kub thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam khoom uas yuav tsum tau ua kom ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
xaiv li cas
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm 304, 304L, thiab 304H yog nyob ntawm koj qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis. Koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov no los ntawm kev ua raws li peb kauj ruam no:
Kauj ruam 1: Xav seb puas yuav tsum tau vuam
Vuam yog qhov sib txawv ntawm 304 thiab 304L. Yog tias koj cov cuab yeej xav tau vuam, xaiv 304L. Vim tias 304L muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg, nws tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha tom qab vuam yam tsis muaj kev kho cua sov ntxiv.
Kauj Ruam 2: Xav txog seb nws puas ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siab - qhov kub thiab txias
Yog tias koj cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm hauv ib puag ncig siab dua 500℃rau lub sijhawm txuas ntxiv, xws li boilers lossis cov kav dej cua sov, xaiv 304H. Nws cov ntsiab lus carbon siab pab nws tiv thaiv deformation ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Kauj Ruam 3: Xav txog seb nws puas ua haujlwm hauv chav ib txwm muaj- qhov kub thiab txias.
Yog tias qhov vuam tsis tas yuav tsum tau thiab nws tsis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siab - qhov kub thiab txias, xaiv 304. Vim tias 304 muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, nws chav - qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion ua tau raws li koj xav tau, thiab nws muab tus nqi zoo tshaj - kev ua tau zoo.
TORICH muab 304, 304L, thiab 304H stainless hlau kav, muab ib qho - nres cov kev pabcuam suav nrog qhov loj, qhov zoo, qhov zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm. Peb muaj ib pab neeg ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem muab kev txhawb nqa kev tshaj lij.